Method of winding cartridges



Oct. 10, 1939. 1 E HURN HETHOD 0F WINDING CARTRIDGES Filed Aug. so. 1957 3' Sheets-Sheet l ,1i 2 755.55 55555515 In!!! 5115 if 111115 ,inurl/ff: i i 111n/11151115vrrlfffla. aan! 1 Oct. 10, 1939. J, E, HURN METHOD 0F wINDING CARTRIDGES Filed Aug. .'50, 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 10, 1939.

Filed Aug. 50, 1937 J. E. HURN METHOD 0F WINDING CARTRIDGES 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Oct. 10, 1939 UNITED STATES METHOD 0F James E.

Indiana Application August 30,

WINDING CARTRIDGES Hum, La Porte, Ind., Luxe Products Corporation, a

assigner to De corporation o! 1937, Serial No. 161,717

'7 Claims. (CI. 21B-131) This invention is a method oi and mechanism for clarifying and filtering lubricating oil, and more particularly for freeing lubricating oil in an internal combustion engine from impurities.

Oil filters heretofore produced for internal combustion engines have attempted to procure filtering primarily by the use of straining means which will in time build up a layer of impurities suillcient to procure better ltering. The present invention is directed toward the use of a thick body of absorbent filtering medium through which cil is seeped under low velocity. In this manner, it is possible to divert only a small portion of the oil employed in an internal combustion engine and filter it so thoroughly that visual cleanliness as well as the necessary chemical cleanliness is maintained in the whole body. Experience has shown that with a filtering of the type herein described, oil may be used without change during fifty thousand miles or more of driving.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, in which- Fig, 1 is a sectional elevation of a filter designed for use on an ordinary passenger automobile, the filter being drawn to scale; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the helical spring supporting means within the cartridge of the filter; Fig. 3 is a detailed sectional view of the valve; Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation illustrating a dual iiltering system; Fig. 5 is a sectional plan of an apparatus for forming a cartridge and having thereon a cartridge partially formed; Fig. 6 is an elevation of a metallic cartridge cover; and Fig. 'l is a view of a cartridge.

As illustrated in the drawings, I represents a filter housing, 1 is a cover enclosing the top thereportion which is provided with a shoulder 3 adapted to support a cartridge. A tubular member B is xediy seated in the bottom of the sump 4 and extends upward ly and centrally through the filter. The upper end of the tube is preferably threaded and a threaded extension Ill iitted therein. At the base of the filter an oil inlet E is provided which is tapped on to the pressure line leading from the internal combustion engine in such manner as to produce parallel iiow through the nlter. The diameter of the inlet i for an ordinary combustion engine is internal diameter, taking of! from a pressure line which is usually at least The inlet line is markedly narrowed at the passage 1, this passageway having an internal diameter of Va" on a truck size filter and 954" on a passenger car filter. The passageway l and the tubular member i are in diameter. In an upper portion of the tube, two openings il are provided l/a" in diameter, through which oil is passed in a rapidly moving thin stream against the cone il. This cone is made preferably of a rigid material, for example, thin sheet metal, say of 30 gauge, and preferably is integrally com nected to the filtering cartridge. Its upper portion is unbroken and its lower portion is provided with a large number of small perforations I2 through which oil passes into the filtering medium I3. The base I4 of the cone is seated upon the shoulder 3 of the sump I.

Within the cartridge are provided means for supporting the normal resistance of the filtering medium to compression, which properly is in the form of a helical spring I5 which is affixed to the base Il by weiding or preferably by insertion of an end IB of the spring in a groove I1 in the base. The ltering medium preferably consists of cellulosic fibers, which have the property of reacting with any sulfuric acid formed in the thereby removing the same. The be extremely long and interconchanneling and should be dense enough to prevent compression, but not too dense to prevent free seepage of oil therethrough. The preferred method of formhereinafter.

to the top I! of the cone II and surrounds the ltering medium, its other end 20 being fastened over the base of the cone, for example, by a shirr string.

The cartridge 20 so formed, fits about the tubular member 5 and within the housing i. It is surmounted at the cap 22, shown in detail in Fig. 6. The nut 23 is threaded on the extension Hl, thus securing removal of the cover the extension Ill is removed. The extension Ill is narrow passageway 24. The size of this passageway is correlated to the oil filtering capacity of the cartridge and the size oi the inlet l so that when the bali valve 25 is open the capacity of the illter will be substantially the same as the amount of oil admitted at the bottom, and thus will not build up pressure or substantially reduce it. The size of the passageway will depend upon the characteristics of the cartridge and also upon the characteristics oi the oil employed. For most purposes, a diameter oi z" is desired. This extension is shown in detail in Fig. 3. The ball valve 25 closes on the seat 26, which should be smooth and cut back sharply enough to provide against the shoulder lll in the upper portion of the extension I U forms an enlarged knob I2 which is transversely pierced by the handle Il.

T'he cover below the knob and the cover 2 and chamber 3l to the crankcase. The opening 38 is large enough to remove all oil ltered through or passed through the valve 2S without building any substantial pressure in the chamber fl. Normally, a 21/64 opening is sumcient.

A drain 39, fitted with a plug I0, is provided at the base of the sump.

The formation of the cartridge is of great importance in the production oi' a successful ilter.

iected, as limited to the compression point thereof.

In Fig. is illustrated the preferred manner of producing the cartridge.

ameter of more than 1%" strands are passed through knots, and then are ginned upon a large rotating wheel having rows of teeth 4 and about an inch apart in the rows. The wheel has a diameter of about 40" and a width of about It rotates at about 40 R. P. M. and the to 5 inches apart a slot 48 of about diameter while held by the workman under considerable tension. 'I'he material is fed to produce a uniform cartridge, the strands being moved forward, if necessary, as one portion of the cartridge becomes iilled. The tension provided is sutlcient that 'l5/2 ounces of the cotton bers will occupy 62 cubic inches of cartridge space. However, this may be varied, providing the cartridge is so supported as not to be compressible under operative conditions, from 6 to 9 ounces. and with certain types of packing, to as high as 101/2 to 11 ounces. Il' the material is wound too hard, it will expand after removal from the cylinder. The cartridge preferably should be able to stand, with the spring, a compression limit of 40 pounds, plus or minus 5 pounds.

When the material has been filled in, it will be in the form of circumferentially parallel or fed through A machine for carrying out the winding ation is described in greater detail in the of George C. Warner. No. 2,141,144, issued December 20, 1938.

The wire handle I9, shown in Fig. 7, is then inserted and passed underneath the upper loop of the helical, the open ends being spot-welded and drawn into the cartridge. Such a handle provides a positive non-corroding means of withdrawing the cartridge from the filter and eliminates the use of tools for this purpose.

A cartridge satisfactory for use in ordinary passenger car engines is 5%" long by 4" in diameter, and contains 69.2 cubic inches, of which '1.2 cubic inches is occupied by the hollow cone. 'Ihis type of cartridge contains 7% ounces of cotton material. For other larger motors the larger cartridge ls used, tor, a 6" high cartridge of the same diameter and containing 9 ounces of cotton, may be employed.

A preferred size of cone has a base of 3%", an internal diameter of 2 inches at the bottom, and a height of 3.75". With such a cone. a large number of small holes is preferred. For example, it has been found that holes of 1/1" in diameter. separated approximately beginning about an eighth of an inch above the base of the cone, and arranged in circumferential rows of holes about 10 deep, are preferred. This will provide approximately 250 holes extending approximately two inches into the cone.

The oriiices 9 preferably discharge oil into the cone at a point about halfway between the top holes and the top of the cone.

The angle of the cone is so correlated to the ow of oil and the size of the sump that a quiescent body is provided within which impurities may settle out of the oil. With the system shown, the oil moving from the orifices 9 impinges in a narrow moving stream upon the upper rigid walls of the cone in a manner to precipitate large impurities, but at the same time keep the walls of the cone clean. The oil then moves downwardly. its area of flow increasing, and its velocity therefore decreasing, but sufficient velocity being maintained along the edges of the cone so that the wash of oil across the openings I2 is sufficient to keep them from clogging with impurities, as is frequently the case where oil is discharged directly into a filtering medium. At the same time, at the lower portion of the cone and in the sump, a acne of quiescence is provided within which heavy impurities may settle out.

The helical i5, which is anchored, as described, on the base of the cone, is formed of heavy steel material 1%" in diameter and of suihcient strength to withstand 40 pounds compression when combined with a mass of cotton material. This means generally that the spring will stand 10 pounds pressure at 3%" length without the cotton material.

The spring is 4%" high, has an external diameter at the bottom of 3%", 2%" in the middle, and 5%" at the top. It is preferably shaped to follow the inclination of the cone, up to and including the first ,turn above the highest opening in the cone, and from that point on, the slope of the helical is reversed to provide maximum support to the upper mass of ltering medium.

It is important in preparing the lter to correlate the mass of illtering medium to the amount of oil passing therethrough; to correlate the viscosity of the oil to thedepth of the mass, and also the depth of the mass to the area of it through which oil may enter. This means in many instances that doubling the inlet area for the oil means more than doubling the mass of filtering medium above it. For this reason, it

for example, with a truck mo-` has been found advisable in many instances to use a dual .installation in which a pair of cartridges are fed in a single system rather than to attempt to build a larger unit, inasmuch as there may be a considerable saving in the amount of material required.

It will be noted in the construction of lters shown that from the time the oil passes through the orifices 9 until it has completed its passage through the iter, its available area of ow is being constantly widened. Thus, after leaving the orices the oil passes down the cone, the cross-sectional area of which is constantly in creasing, and thereafter enters the cartridge at its narrowest point and flows upwardly therethrough, likewise with increasing cross-section. This permits better distribution of impurities throughout the cartridge, there being less ofa tendency for all of them to be deposited at the beginning.

The shape of the cartridge also is such that impurities tending to settle out after long use do not clog the oll entran but in the event of suchsettling will be caught in the lower legs of the cartridge. i

The construction of the filter is such that oil passing through it may be considered as being in several well4 defined pressure zones. which are induced by the various valve-like .passages through which the oil is forced to proceed. For example, with a line pressure of 40 pounds, the pressure upon the valve 25 has been found to be 20 pounds (this test being with an S. A. E. 40 oil) the pressure in the sump 15 pounds, the pressure `in the middle of the cartridge 13 pounds, and

the pressure in the top of the filter housing 8 pounds. The pressure in the top is larger, due to the high viscosity of the oil, there being n0 substantial pressure in the top with a lighter or hotter oil. When the line pressure was reduced to 30 pounds with the same oil, the valve pressure became 15, the sump pressure 12, the cartridge pressure 10, and the return pressure 6%.

The term base" as applied to the filter cartridge herein is used to denote the side thereof from which the oil enters, regardless of the position thereof with respect to the vertical.

The following table shows typical satisfactory filter dimensions for ordinary truck andpassenger Vcar use. All dimensions are in inches.

me am Oilieedline Hs Ma g: 24 *i2 i M6 gia o 5y: (77. 8) s2 4M 4 4M l ga n n M l 2H) 250 Cone volume 7. 2 7. 2 Helical height.- {9i-5M 4% Valve 25 pressure- 40 4o Sump depth- X-ZM 1% Oil outlet diameter 21,64 2 4 Outlet 24 diameter l-s is Cartridge material weight, ounces 9 75s This application is in part a division and in part a continuation of my co-pendlng application, Serial No. 69,217, i'lled March 16, 1936,

which was a continuation-impart of my oopending application, Serial No. 702,529, filed December 15, 1933.

The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness oi' understanding only. .and no limitations should be understood therefrom, but the appended claims should be construed as broadly as permissible in view of the prior art.4

I claim:

1. 'I 'he method of winding a cartridge comprising a metallic base to which a metallic helix is axially aiiixed, which comprises winding by hand long cotton libres about that portion of the helix immediately adjacent to the metallic base, and then winding the remainder oi' the cartridge by rotating the base and helix while feeding thereto a ribbon of long libres longitudinally extending and predominantly unwoven. said ribboncontaining substantially all of the material n to complete the cartridge, the ribbon being maintained under such tension that the tlbers of the ribbon interlock to produce a cartridge substantially tree from division lines, oontinuing the winding until thehellx is'enibedded within the body of the bres. x

2. A cartridge comprising a base, a helix centrally fastened to the base, and a mass oi' long cellulosic bres spirally'wound around and among the convolutions of the helix.

3. The method of winding a cartridge which comprises securing a base member having attached thereto a exlble container upon a rotatable support within a cylinder, winding ilbrous material upon the base within said cylinder, re-

versing said iiexible container about the outside of the cylinder, pressing the wound cartridge eut of the cylinder into the container, and fastening the container about the cartridge.

4. A illter cartridge comprising a mass oi long celluloslc unwoven threads spirally wound about a central axis. said mass of threads having the structure resulting from winding under tension sumcient to cause interlock without division lines, ot a wide irregular ribbon ot long cellulosic individual loosely and irregularly associated threads predominantly unwoven. said threads extending longitudinally in the ribbon before winding and circumferentially o! the cartridge after winding.

5. A iilter cartridge comprising a base and a mass of long, predominantly unwoven. longitudinally extending threads, wound about the base and its circumrerential axis. said mass oi' threads having the structure resulting from winding under tension suillcient to cause interlock without division lines, oi a wide irregular ribbon oi long ceilulosic extending individual loosely and irregularly associated threads predominantly unwoven, said threads extending longitudinally in the ribbon before winding and circumi'e'rentally of the cartridge after winding.

6. The method of forming a cartridge which comprises forming an extended wide irregular ribbon o! a multitude oi longitudinally extending long cellulosic threads loosely and irregularly associated and predominantly unwoven in the ribbon. and winding the ribbon to form a cartridge under such tension that the bers thereof interlock to form a cartridge iree from division lines.

7. 'Ihe method as set forth in claim 6 in which substantially the entire cartridge is formed from a single ribbon.

JAMES E. HURN.

CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,1T5,775

october? 1o, 1959.

JAMES E. BURN.

It is hereby certified that error' appears the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as'follows Page 1, first column, line 18, for' the word "filtering" read filter;

page 2, first column, line 75, for "lose" read loose; page ii, second column, line l8 clairiik 5, strike out "extending" 3 with this correction there-in that the seme `the case in the-Patent Office.

and that the said Letters Patent 'should be read may conform to the record of .signed and sealed this 5th 'day or December; A. D. 1959.

(Seal) l Henry Van Arsdale, Acting Commissioner of Patents.

The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness oi' understanding only. .and no limitations should be understood therefrom, but the appended claims should be construed as broadly as permissible in view of the prior art.4

I claim:

1. 'I 'he method of winding a cartridge comprising a metallic base to which a metallic helix is axially aiiixed, which comprises winding by hand long cotton libres about that portion of the helix immediately adjacent to the metallic base, and then winding the remainder oi' the cartridge by rotating the base and helix while feeding thereto a ribbon of long libres longitudinally extending and predominantly unwoven. said ribboncontaining substantially all of the material n to complete the cartridge, the ribbon being maintained under such tension that the tlbers of the ribbon interlock to produce a cartridge substantially tree from division lines, oontinuing the winding until thehellx is'enibedded within the body of the bres. x

2. A cartridge comprising a base, a helix centrally fastened to the base, and a mass oi' long cellulosic bres spirally'wound around and among the convolutions of the helix.

3. The method of winding a cartridge which comprises securing a base member having attached thereto a exlble container upon a rotatable support within a cylinder, winding ilbrous material upon the base within said cylinder, re-

versing said iiexible container about the outside of the cylinder, pressing the wound cartridge eut of the cylinder into the container, and fastening the container about the cartridge.

4. A illter cartridge comprising a mass oi long celluloslc unwoven threads spirally wound about a central axis. said mass of threads having the structure resulting from winding under tension sumcient to cause interlock without division lines, ot a wide irregular ribbon ot long cellulosic individual loosely and irregularly associated threads predominantly unwoven. said threads extending longitudinally in the ribbon before winding and circumferentially o! the cartridge after winding.

5. A iilter cartridge comprising a base and a mass of long, predominantly unwoven. longitudinally extending threads, wound about the base and its circumrerential axis. said mass oi' threads having the structure resulting from winding under tension suillcient to cause interlock without division lines, oi a wide irregular ribbon oi long ceilulosic extending individual loosely and irregularly associated threads predominantly unwoven, said threads extending longitudinally in the ribbon before winding and circumi'e'rentally of the cartridge after winding.

6. The method of forming a cartridge which comprises forming an extended wide irregular ribbon o! a multitude oi longitudinally extending long cellulosic threads loosely and irregularly associated and predominantly unwoven in the ribbon. and winding the ribbon to form a cartridge under such tension that the bers thereof interlock to form a cartridge iree from division lines.

7. 'Ihe method as set forth in claim 6 in which substantially the entire cartridge is formed from a single ribbon.

JAMES E. HURN.

CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 2,1T5,775

october? 1o, 1959.

JAMES E. BURN.

It is hereby certified that error' appears the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as'follows Page 1, first column, line 18, for' the word "filtering" read filter;

page 2, first column, line 75, for "lose" read loose; page ii, second column, line l8 clairiik 5, strike out "extending" 3 with this correction there-in that the seme `the case in the-Patent Office.

and that the said Letters Patent 'should be read may conform to the record of .signed and sealed this 5th 'day or December; A. D. 1959.

(Seal) l Henry Van Arsdale, Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

